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Từ điển LongMan Dictionary
confirm
con‧firm S2 W2 AC /kənˈfɜːm $ -ɜːrm/ verb [TRANSITIVE] [Word Family: verb: confirm; noun: confirmation; adjective: confirmed ≠ unconfirmed] [date : 1200-1300; Language : Old French; Origin : confirmer, from Latin confirmare, from com- ( ⇨ COM-) + firmare 'to make firm'] 1. to show that something is definitely true, especially by providing more proof OPP refute: ▪ New evidence has confirmed the first witness’s story. ▪ To confirm my diagnosis I need to do some tests. confirm that ▪ Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women. confirm what ▪ The new results confirm what most of us knew already.
2. to say that something is definitely true OPP deny: ▪ The President refused to confirm the rumor. ▪ Managers have so far refused to confirm or deny reports that up to 200 jobs are to go. confirm that ▪ Walsh confirmed that the money had been paid. confirm what ▪ My brother will confirm what I have told you.
3. to tell someone that a possible arrangement, date, or situation is now definite or official: ▪ Could you confirm the dates we discussed? ▪ Smith was confirmed as the club’s new manager yesterday. confirm a booking/reservation/appointment ▪ I am writing to confirm a booking for a single room for the night of 6 June.
4. to make you believe that your idea or feeling is right confirm your fears/doubts/suspicions etc ▪ This just confirms my worst fears. confirm you in your belief/opinion/view etc (that) (=make you believe something more strongly) ▪ The expression on his face confirmed me in my suspicions.
5. be confirmed to be made a full member of the Christian church in a special ceremony • • • THESAURUS ▪confirm if a piece of new information confirms an idea or belief that people already have, it shows that it is definitely true : ▪ Police have found new evidence that confirms his story. ▪ The discovery seems to confirm that people lived here over 10,000 years ago. ▪prove to show that something is definitely true by providing facts : ▪ DNA tests proved that he was the father of the child. ▪ I think we’ve proved that we are a good team. ▪back up to provide additional information to help prove that a statement, belief, or explanation is correct : ▪ When you write a history essay, you should back up all your points with facts. ▪ Wright was accused of pretending to be injured, and this was backed up by video evidence. ▪support to help to prove that a belief, idea etc is probably true : ▪ Do you have any evidence to support these claims? ▪ The notion that women are worse drivers than men is simply not supported by the facts. ▪bear something out if facts or information bear out a claim or opinion, they suggest that something is likely to be true : ▪ Most of the available evidence bears out the view that students learn better in small classes. ▪ Marriage is not always easy; a fact that is clearly borne out in divorce statistics. ▪corroborate formal to provide additional information which supports or agrees with something – used in scientific and legal contexts : ▪ Levine claims that a third car was involved in the accident and witnesses have corroborated this. ▪ Professor Carling’s findings have been corroborated by more recent research. ▪substantiate formal to provide additional information that helps to prove that a statement is correct, especially if the statement is difficult to believe : ▪ A police investigation failed to substantiate the claim that he had been sexually abused. ▪validate formal to prove that information or results are correct by using scientific tests or very careful checking – used in scientific or technical contexts : ▪ All the information used in this report has been validated by an independent panel of experts.
verb COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES a study confirms sth (=shows that something is true) ▪ The study confirms what we all know – smoking is also bad for the people around you. confirm a booking ▪ Please confirm your booking 48 hours before your flight. confirm a diagnosis ▪ The clinic confirmed the diagnosis. confirm a prediction (=show that it was right) ▪ They are now planning further tests to confirm their predictions. confirm a report ▪ A spokesman refused to confirm reports that the aircraft had previously suffered an engine fire. confirm a reservation ▪ We will send you an email to confirm your reservation. confirm a rumour (=say that it is true) ▪ The actor’s agent would not confirm the rumour. confirm sb's suspicions (=show that someone's suspicions were right) ▪ The letter confirmed my suspicions. confirm sb’s fears (=show that what you were afraid of has actually happened) ▪ The look on Colin’s face confirmed all my worst fears. confirm the details (=make sure that they are correct) ▪ Could you confirm the details of your reservation in writing? confirm the presence of sth/sb ▪ Tests confirmed the presence of an infection. confirmed bachelor (=a man who has decided that he will never marry) ▪ Gerald was 38, and a confirmed bachelor . prove/confirm/establish the existence of sth (=prove that something exists) ▪ The images confirm the existence of water on the planet's surface. COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS ADVERB also ▪ This table also confirms the seeming decline in overall profitability during the 1980s and particularly in 1986. ▪ Mr Roberts also confirmed that Ford is launching a full-size sport-utility vehicle this fall called the Expedition. ▪ Compliance was also confirmed by a tablet count. ▪ Would you also confirm that the plan is not to be accompanied by a letter. ▪ It was also confirmed that Phil Field, as Membership Secretary, is a committee member. ▪ Other research has also confirmed that women risk serious health hazards by repeated childbearing. yesterday ▪ Police in Ballymoney, Co Antrim, yesterday confirmed the donkey was stolen. ▪ It was confirmed yesterday that the meeting scheduled for Doncaster on 27 October is to be transferred to Carlisle. ▪ It was confirmed yesterday that she has been nominated as best actress for her part in the film Howards End. ▪ Police confirmed yesterday that at 11.10am on Sunday information had been received that Pant y Carneddi, Pennal, was on fire. ▪ H M Customs and Excise confirmed yesterday that they had to be implemented by 1 January 1990. ▪ He announced he was considering the move in September and yesterday confirmed the details. NOUN appointment ▪ The club has officially confirmed the appointment nineteen days after Liam Brady resigned the position. ▪ Sundram then must be confirmed to the lifetime appointment by the full Senate. ▪ Other parishioners successfully petitioned the House of Lords in 1643 to confirm his appointment. ▪ Please send us a copy of your letter confirming the appointment. ▪ A two-chamber federal parliament would confirm these appointments. ▪ On the last day of the month the Company confirmed his appointment, subject only to his presenting himself in London. belief ▪ This tremendous progress of conventional medicine in the present century has confirmed belief in the treatment by opposites. ▪ When tomographic maps later showed a patch of warm rock beneath that spot, it further confirmed his belief. ▪ The effect of our experience was, as I shall show, to confirm and extend that belief. ▪ And many studies are flawed by the tendency of researchers to look for information that confirms their own beliefs. ▪ The watchers were quiet and soulful, as if the flames confirmed their deep beliefs about life here. ▪ Writers reached for a means suasion and began to use emotion to confirm beliefs. ▪ That pleased and flattered her, confirmed her in her belief in herself. ▪ I watch the news, and it only confirms my belief, you know? booking ▪ To confirm the booking, you will be required to sign the completed Booking Form and pay the appropriate deposit. ▪ Cancellation cover applies as soon as you have confirmed your booking with us. ▪ If you wish to telephone us, we will endeavour to confirm your booking immediately. ▪ Arthur went to confirm the booking, and gather furniture for us. ▪ They will confirm the booking by sending you an invoice and detailed joining instructions. ▪ The hotel's response in writing confirming the booking is an acceptance of the guest's offer to contract. ▪ Accommodation will be confirmed on your Booking allocation. diagnosis ▪ Endoscopy was performed at entry to confirm the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. ▪ It is helpful in confirming the diagnosis of epilepsy. ▪ All patients underwent colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy before study entry to confirm the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. ▪ Cocainization of the pharynx relieves the pain in some; when positive, this test confirms the diagnosis. ▪ Conventional allergists use skin tests to confirm the diagnosis, not to make it. ▪ The sedimentation rate is elevated in 90-95 % of these patients and when above 50 Westergren helps confirm the diagnosis. ▪ The disappearance of symptoms during elimination and reappearance on challenge confirm the diagnosis. ▪ Doctors can usually hear pneumonia, he says, and an X-ray can confirm the diagnosis. existence ▪ The chief means of proactive enforcement is routine sampling, which will bring to light or confirm the existence of persistent pollutions. ▪ It was the medium through which he perceived his own soul, the formula through which he could confirm his own existence. ▪ In fieldwork, you are really looking for anything that might confirm the existence of a ley. ▪ Because Burns refused to discuss intelligence issues, he did not confirm or deny the existence of the intelligence report. ▪ Dozens of eyewitness accounts confirmed the existence of these discreet departures to destinations far from Kosovo. ▪ The developments remain top secret and no-one from the factory or the team would confirm or deny the existence of the kit. ▪ It is equally important that the practice of not confirming or denying the existence of a warrant is maintained consistently. fear ▪ When my relationship actually broke down, it confirmed my fears-I fell into depression and stopped going to work. ▪ Sure enough, to confirm our worst fears, the wind grew stronger in the evening. ▪ But the new picture confirms environmentalists' worst fears. ▪ Bob learned to demand a bit less without confirming his worst fears. ▪ The appointment made conservatives nervous, seemingly confirming their fears that a liberal onslaught was imminent. ▪ Hearing you on the telephone just seemed to confirm my worst fears, and I didn't stop to reason things through. ▪ A volley of bullets immediately peppered the ground directly in front of the doorway, confirming her worst fears. finding ▪ Once again, this confirms the probit findings. ▪ In our second study we sought to confirm our findings that group and individual cognitive therapy were equally effective. ▪ Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. ▪ The data of Jean Ginsburg and Paul Hardiman confirm our findings of declining semen quality. ▪ Generally, our results confirm some of the findings from invitro studies. ▪ More disturbingly, military statistics seemed to confirm the findings on poverty by Charles Booth and Llewellyn-Smith. ▪ Our study confirms that finding but questions its relevance and its implications. ▪ Invariably, the discussions that follow the analysis confirm the preliminary findings. friend ▪ Will my right hon. Friend confirm that he will look equally thoroughly and carefully at any proposals from hospitals in Tayside? ▪ Mr. Townsend Will my right hon. Friend confirm that that excellent facility is not supported from the aid budget? ▪ Can my right hon. Friend confirm that what he has said this afternoon is in line with that? ▪ Will my hon. Friend also confirm that 1991 has been a vibrant and exciting year in the North sea? ▪ Mrs. Peacock Will my right hon. and learned Friend confirm that in the 1980s manufacturing output rose by31 percent? ▪ Will my hon. Friend confirm that, unlike the Labour group on Norfolk county council, he believes in small primary schools? ▪ Which I most certainly am not, as nearest and dearest, and gangs of so-called friends will confirm. impression ▪ The victimization which occurred, the loss of trade union membership, and the wage reductions all seemed to confirm this impression. ▪ Director Robert Rodriguez confirms the impression he has made for resourceful camerawork. ▪ They confirm our impression that, following his traumatic encounter with the Czech police, he becomes considerably less talkative. ▪ But unfortunately some of the other news I picked up during that trip confirmed his negative impression. ▪ William Houston s watchful, meditative Hal confirms the impression that he is simply biding his time in the Eastcheap taverns. ▪ However, further research is needed to confirm these impressions. ▪ A tour of the house confirmed the impressions formed from outside. ▪ Extensive community work and interviews with young Arsenal supporters in a run-down housing estate by Robbins and Cohen confirmed this impression. minister ▪ The Prime Minister I can confirm that it was an excellent Commonwealth conference. ▪ In the March 18 reshuffle nine ministers were confirmed in their positions. ▪ The other ministers were confirmed in their posts. ▪ The Prime Minister I can confirm the hon. Gentleman's remarks about the protocol. night ▪ She confirmed Tuesday night that plans had changed and arrangements were being made for the trip. ▪ Cleveland Police could not confirm last night whether or not they were treating the matter as a murder inquiry. ▪ Jed-Forest confirmed last night that they had suspended a player until next season because of misbehaviour on a recent trip to Twickenham. ▪ Officer O'Keefe confirmed that last night. ▪ It was confirmed last night that the idea of privately-run detention centres was being pursued within the Home Office. ▪ A Home Office spokeswoman confirmed last night that Stansted would be used for all future mercy flights. office ▪ A professional office environment confirms that you have a serious commitment to your business. ▪ DeVillars office confirmed he had been invited but said he was unable to go and did not comment further. ▪ On Dec. 10 the Serious Fraud Office confirmed that it would not be taking further action. ▪ A Home Office spokeswoman confirmed last night that Stansted would be used for all future mercy flights. official ▪ All six in-patient beds will be available in Darlington's new leukaemia unit as soon as it opens, hospital officials confirmed this week. ▪ Senior Army officials confirmed that Hoster contacted her superior, Col. ▪ Last week public health officials confirmed that there had been 18 new cases. ▪ A quick visit by Ministry officials soon confirmed his fears. ▪ If county officials confirm that 28, 084 are those of registered voters, a referendum will be held around May 1. opinion ▪ Garvey's condition has confirmed his opinion. ▪ Thornton knew of various incidents which confirmed his opinion that Walsh made a distinctly negative impression in the hunt for backers. ▪ Her life and career after she and Burton split up confirms the opinion of her energy and flair - and her directness. ▪ I confirmed their own opinion that the picture was a very competent version of a missing Saraceni composition executed by a follower. ▪ A senior international referee of my acquaintance was standing nearby and confirmed my opinion. police ▪ The all-clear was given three hours later after police confirmed that the fumes were not poisonous. ▪ Neither Sheffield, his attorney nor Phoenix police could confirm if a restraining order had been obtained. ▪ Later, however, the police confirmed they had summoned Tommy Suharto, 38, for questioning. ▪ Cleveland Police could not confirm last night whether or not they were treating the matter as a murder inquiry. ▪ Cleveland Police confirm they are treating both incidents as arson. ▪ Harpenden police confirmed that a unit had been called out to resolve a dispute between Andy Linighan and a taxi driver. ▪ A police spokesman confirmed a number of calls had been received from people worried about what was happening on Thursday afternoon. report ▪ None of the reports could be independently confirmed. ▪ The government news agency Notimex said 15 were dead while a Civil Defense spokesman said he had reports of 25 confirmed killed. ▪ The new report confirmed these concerns, questioning whether existing toxicity tests were sufficient to take account of these issues. ▪ Other reports confirmed that flooding had left an estimated 3,000 people homeless. ▪ A radio news report confirmed our suspicions. ▪ Many recent government reports confirm its continuing presence. result ▪ Our results confirm that alcoholic ascites contains plasminogen activating activity. ▪ These results are confirmed by earlier studies. ▪ If these results can be confirmed, chemotherapy without gastrectomy should be the treatment of choice for agressive gastric lymphomas. ▪ But the result confirmed that building society provisions will rocket this year to cover bad and doubtful home loans. ▪ Our results confirm the relation between birth weight and lung function measurements reported in other studies. ▪ These results confirm that transcripts of genes not implicated in deletion attained identical steady-state levels in the two strains. ▪ Shemaka had to survive a stewards' inquiry before the result was confirmed. ▪ Generally, our results confirm some of the findings from invitro studies. spokesman ▪ Mike McCurry, the White House spokesman, confirmed the campaign will air its first commercial beginning Friday. ▪ A spokesman for the Clydesdale confirmed that the bank had made an error somewhere and had not processed the tape. ▪ In fact, a Harvard spokesman confirmed her admittance only when asked directly. ▪ A police spokesman confirmed an investigation is under way. ▪ A Konica spokesman confirmed the company was in talks with Eckerd. ▪ A police spokesman confirmed a number of calls had been received from people worried about what was happening on Thursday afternoon. ▪ A total of 143 tickets were sold at the near-giveaway prices, United spokesman Chris Brathwaite confirmed Thursday. study ▪ In conclusion, this study confirms that four weeks treatment with elemental diet, when tolerated, is as effective as prednisolone. ▪ A very recent study confirms this once again. ▪ In our second study we sought to confirm our findings that group and individual cognitive therapy were equally effective. ▪ Modern studies of Mars confirm the seasonal variations of the surface brightness, but without biological intervention. ▪ Our continuing studies confirm a previous report that spread of individual strains occurs within regional centres. ▪ Subsequent studies confirmed that a high-fibre diet increases stool bulk and shortens gut transit. ▪ A number of studies confirm the differences between middle- and working-class people in their friendships. ▪ Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. suspicion ▪ If we guess right, then we confirm his suspicions. ▪ I'd like a chance to confirm my suspicions. ▪ Meanwhile, a company audit confirmed his original suspicions. ▪ A telephone call confirmed my suspicions. ▪ Their placement in a remedial course confirmed their suspicions. ▪ Just then, a tanker drove up from the south and the driver confirmed my suspicions. ▪ Statements like this confirmed our suspicions about self-defeating organizational behavior patterns. view ▪ These matters confirm me in the view already expressed that the disturbance complained of in this case is not actionable. ▪ The experience of companies using case management for major illnesses confirms his view. ▪ None the less other work has confirmed Pahl's view that inmigration would lead to social segregation. ▪ In a reactionary decade there are many who will not be hesitant to use such state-ments to confirm their former views. ▪ The international events of 1935 and 1936 tended to confirm the views of both extremes of the Labour Party. ▪ Hoare confirmed this view of Baldwin's state of mind. ▪ The figures in the table above seem to confirm this point of view. ▪ Somehow Steen's voice seemed to confirm Jacqui's view. VERB appear ▪ Clark then wrote up the experiment, which appeared to confirm his initial brainwave, and submitted it to Nature. ▪ Eventually Hayling agreed to appear in the prospectus confirmed as chief executive until the launch. ▪ The evidence does not appear to confirm this, especially in the case of full-time male workers. refuse ▪ They refused to confirm reports that he used a syringe hidden in an orange. ▪ However, Dole refused to confirm the choice during a lunch stop en route to Russell. ▪ Borrowers were refusing to confirm their indebtedness, unauthorised drawings had taken place and other loans were looking suspicious. ▪ Amtrak refused to confirm that date Wednesday, saying an official statement will be made today. ▪ BAe refused to confirm or deny any interest. ▪ A hospital spokeswoman, Aggie Hayner, refused to confirm the births, as did a nursing supervisor. ▪ He refused to confirm that harsh words had been spoken in the dressing room afterwards but his post-match interview suggested as much. seem ▪ The requirement of dishonesty seems to confirm the need for subjective recklessness. ▪ The sun setting over the maple tree in the backyard seems to confirm it. ▪ The outstanding results they continue to produce would seem to confirm the validity of the first assumption that they are naturally gifted. ▪ And the trends of the past few decades seem to confirm that prediction. ▪ More disturbingly, military statistics seemed to confirm the findings on poverty by Charles Booth and Llewellyn-Smith. ▪ Somehow Steen's voice seemed to confirm Jacqui's view. ▪ Surveys within different countries seem to confirm this; the wealthier people in those countries are actually happier than the poorer. ▪ The Hawthorne effect would seem to confirm this but for two other findings. tend ▪ Later work, including a recent ESRC- supported investigation by Sugden and Starmer, has tended to confirm these predictions. ▪ Demographic distortions created by migration have tended to confirm this image. ▪ Surveys of attitudes tend to confirm this. ▪ Reports tend to confirm that most of the fish have completed spawning activities and seem ready to feed. ▪ Sadly the whole evening tends to confirm just how single-handed Callas' achievement was back in the Fifties. ▪ Evidence from other studies tends to confirm this argument. ▪ The figure does tend to confirm my contention that the general order of magnitude is about right. ▪ This tends to confirm the findings of psychologists who report an optimum memory faculty for five items in any one dimension. will ▪ Mr. Evennett Will my hon. Friend confirm that safety regulations for buses remain the same whether the services are deregulated or regulated? PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES a confirmed bachelor/atheist/vegetarian etc ▪ There a hybrid service takes place, to which even a confirmed atheist could hardly object. EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES ▪ Have you called to confirm your flight yet? ▪ I'll call the hotel and confirm our reservations. ▪ In July his worst fears were confirmed: he had cancer. ▪ Let me just confirm that the money has arrived in your account. ▪ Mr Eastwood refused to confirm or deny the rumour. ▪ Police have confirmed that they are questioning a woman about the disappearance of baby Kelly Truman. ▪ Police have found new evidence that confirms his story. ▪ The campaign has confirmed my worst instincts about politics. ▪ The discovery seems to confirm that people lived here over 10,000 years ago. ▪ U.S. officials said they could not confirm the report. EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS ▪ A meeting of the club's shareholders is expected to confirm the club will go into liquidation with debts of around £550,000. ▪ A prison department spokeswoman was unable to confirm whether anyone had been hurt. ▪ Subsequent studies confirmed that a high-fibre diet increases stool bulk and shortens gut transit. ▪ Tulliver is confirmed in his decision by the fact that lawyer John Wakem plans to educate his boy likewise.
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