Tra từ government - Từ điển Oxford Learners Wordfinder Dictionary

1 different kinds of government
2 the top people in government
3 parts of government and people who work in government
4 local government
5 doing the work of government
6 changing one government for another
the ability to control people POWER

1 different kinds of government
- the group of people who govern a country: government, the Government, (with singular or plural verb), (especially AmE) administration, the Administration (with singular or plural verb)
They're trying to form a new government. ◎ He has resigned from the Government. ◎ The British Government is opposed to this proposal. ◎ the Clinton Administration
- a method or system of government: regime
a communist regime ◎ a military regime
- a country or part of a country with its own government: state
India has been an independent state since 1947. ◎ California is one of the biggest states in the US.
- the government of a country: the state (noun U)
the power of the state ◎ the relationship between the church and the state
- the laws of a country saying how it is to be governed: constitution; adjective: constitutional
Britain has an unwritten constitution. ◎ constitutional changes
- government of a country: central government
- government of a town or district: local government
- a country which governs itself and is not controlled by another country is independent; noun (U): independence
- the right of an independent country to govern itself: sovereignty (noun U)
national sovereignty
- a system in which the government of a country is elected by all of the people: democracy (noun U); adjective: democratic; a country which has this system: democracy
- a government which is headed by a president: republic; adjective: republican
- a system in which the government is headed by a king or queen: monarchy; adjective: monarchical; a country which has a king or queen: monarchy, kingdom
- a system in which the government has total power and is not freely elected: dictatorship (noun U); adjective: dictatorial; a country that is governed in this way: dictatorship
- a situation in which there is no effective government in a country: anarchy (noun U); adjective: anarchic
During the civil war, there was complete anarchy in the country.
※ groups of countries
- the organization formed to encourage peace in the world and to deal with problems between nations: the United Nations, the UN
- a group of countries that used to form the British Empire and that now try to work and trade together in a friendly way: the Commonwealth
- an economic and political association of certain European countries: the European Union, the EU
- a group of countries that is governed by another country: empire; adjective: imperial
the Roman Empire
- a country or area that is ruled by another country: colony; adjective: colonial
- to take control of a place as a colony: colonize sth; noun (U): colonization; keeping countries as colonies: colonialism (noun U)
- a union of states which each retain control of some areas of government business: federation; adjective: federal

2 the top people in government
- the leader of a country: head of state
a meeting of all the heads of state of the Commonwealth
- the head of state in a republic: president; the position of being president: the presidency; connected with the president: presidential
to be elected president ◎ President Chirac ◎ to be nominated for the presidency ◎ presidential duties
- the head of state in a monarchy: king/queen
- a person who has total power in a country: dictator
※ kings and queens KING/QUEEN
- the leader of the government in Britain and in some other countries: prime minister (abbreviation PM)
- the leader of the government in the United States and in other countries that do not have a prime minister: president
- the leader of the government in Germany: chancellor
- a person who controls the public affairs of a colony, or of a province or state: governor
the Governor of California

3 parts of government and people who work in government
- the part of government that makes important decisions for the country: the executive (noun U); adjective: executive
executive power
- the part of a government that makes laws: the legislature (noun U); adjective: legislative
- the part of a government that administers the law: the judiciary (noun U); adjective: judicial
- work and ideas that are connected with governing a country, a town, etc: politics (with singular or plural verb)
- a person whose job is in politics, especially a member of parliament: politician
※ more on politicians and politics POLITICS
※ parliament
- a group of people who discuss and make the laws of a country, or the place where they meet: parliament; adjective: parliamentary
- a group of people with the same political opinions who try to win election to parliament: party
the French Socialist Party
- political actions carried out by or for political parties: party politics
- the politicians who are in parliament, but who do not support the government: the Opposition
※ more on parliaments PARLIAMENT
※ government departments
- a part of the government responsible for a particular area of government activity: ministry, department; connected with a government ministry or minister: ministerial
the Ministry of Health/Transport/Education ◎ the Department of the Environment ◎ ministerial duties
- all the government departments and the people who work in them: the Civil Service
- a member of the government, often the head of a government department or part of one: minister (AmE secretary)
- (in Britain) the head of a major government department: secretary, Secretary of State
- the group of important ministers who have regular meetings with the Prime Minister: the Cabinet (with singular or plural verb); a minister who is a member of the Cabinet: cabinet minister
a cabinet meeting
- a person who works for a government department: civil servant, (often used in a negative way) bureaucrat
a senior civil servant in the Home Office ◎ the uncontrolled power of the bureaucrats
- a person who has a position of authority in a country: official
a government official
- the department that deals with political and economic relations with other countries: Ministry of/for Foreign Affairs (in the US the State Department); the person in charge: Foreign Minister, Minister of/for Foreign Affairs (in Britain Foreign Secretary)(in the US Secretary of State)
- the department that is responsible for internal affairs, for example the police and the prisons: Ministry of/for Home Affairs (in Britain the Home Office); the person in charge: Interior Minister, Minister of/for Home Affairs (in Britain Home Secretary)
- the department that controls public money: Treasury; the person in charge: Minister of Finance (in Britain Chancellor of the Exchequer)(in the US Treasury Secretary)
- the department that collects taxes: Inland Revenue (in the US Internal Revenue)
- the department that is responsible for defence: Ministry of Defence (in the US the Pentagon); the person in charge: Minister of Defence, Defence Secretary
- the department that is responsible for finding out secret information about other countries: the secret service, the intelligence service
※ representing your country in another country
- the part of government which represents a country in other countries: the diplomatic service
- one of the officials who represent their country abroad: diplomat
- the most senior person who represents his or her country in a foreign country: ambassador
The Spanish Ambassador
- the ambassador of one Commonwealth country in another: High Commissioner
the Kenyan High Commissioner in London
- the office of an ambassador and his/her staff: embassy
- an official who works in a foreign country helping people from his/her country who are living or visiting there: consul; adjective: consular
the British Consul ◎ the Consular Service
- the office of a consul: consulate

4 local government
- elected officials who are in charge of a town, city, county, etc: council (with singular or plural verb)
local council elections ◎ our town/city/county council
- paid officials who carry out the decisions of the local government: local authority (with singular or plural verb)
- a large building that contains the local government offices for a town or city: town hall, city hall
- an area in Britain, Ireland or the USA that has its own government: county, district
- one of the main areas that some countries are divided into for the purpose of government: province, region; adjectives: provincial, regional
provincial government ◎ the regional assembly
※ government of towns TOWN

5 doing the work of government
- to control the public affairs of a country, city, etc: govern (sth), rule (over) sth
This party is not fit to govern. ◎ Napoleon ruled over most of Europe. ◎ The Communist Party ruled the Soviet Union for 74 years before it was overthrown.
- an act or method of governing: government (noun U)
We need a period of strong government.
- the control and management of the business of government: administration (noun U); adjective: administrative
the administration of the tax laws ◎ efficient administration ◎ administrative efficiency
- a plan of action or statement of aims and ideas: policy (on sth)
Labour's policy on taxation ◎ the government's education policy ◎ a policy review
- to make a new a policy, law, etc: bring* sth in, introduce sth
The new drinking laws will be brought in by the end of the year.
- something which is accepted and approved by the government is official; not official: unofficial
official unemployment figures ◎ an official report
- concerning all the people in a country or area: public
public health

6 changing one government for another
※ becoming a government
- to make or organize a government: form a government
The party that wins the election will form the next government.
- to be elected to power: come* in, come* to power
The law was in place before the present government came in. ◎ The government came to power in 1987.
- the party that is ruling a country is in power, in government, in office
This party has been in government for more than ten years.
- the joining of two or more political parties for a temporary period, usually to form a government: coalition
A government was formed out of a coalition between the Socialists and the Communists.
- to become the government (often by force): take* control (of sth)
The military has just taken control of the country.
- running or governing a place: in control (of sth)
The military is in control now.
- the period that an elected government is in power: term
Bush ran unsuccessfully for a second term.
- a person who has a job or important position after sb else: successor
John Major was Margaret Thatcher's successor.
※ losing power
- to lose power or be defeated: fall*
The Labour government fell and the Conservatives took office.
- to leave your job or position: resign (from sth), resign sth, (informal) quit* (sth); the act of resigning: resignation
The minister resigned his post over a sex scandal. ◎ a resignation speech
※ using violent action to change the government
- changing or trying to change the political system by violent action: revolution (noun C/U); adjective: revolutionary
If the government carries on like this there'll be a revolution. ◎ to achieve power through revolution ◎ revolutionary ideas
- to remove a leader or a government from power by using force: overthrow* sb/sth; noun: overthrow
The president was overthrown after a three day battle. ◎ the overthrow of the Nationalist government
- a sudden and violent change of government organized by a small group of people: coup
It is now clear that senior army officers were involved in yesterday's attempted coup.
※ MORE ...
- a system of government by a large number of officials: bureaucracy (noun C/U)
- connected with bureaucracy, especially when it is too complicated and follows rules too closely: bureaucratic
- official rules that seem unnecessary and often cause delay and difficulty in achieving sth: red tape (noun U)
There's too much red tape in local government.
- dishonest or illegal behaviour by people in official positions: corruption (noun U); not honest, moral or legal: corrupt
The minister was accused of corruption.