Tra từ scrape - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

scrape [scrape scrapes scraped scraping] verb, noun BrE [skreɪp] NAmE [skreɪp]
verb

REMOVE
1. transitive to remove sth from a surface by moving sth sharp and hard like a knife across it
•~ sth (+ adv./prep.) She scraped the mud off her boots.
•We scraped away the top layer of wallpaper.
•~ sth + adj. The kids had scraped their plates clean.

DAMAGE
2. transitive to rub sth by accident so that it gets damaged or hurt
•~ sth She fell and scraped her knee.
•~ sth + adv./prep. I scraped the side of my car on the wall.
•Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.
•The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.

MAKE SOUND
3. intransitive, transitive to make an unpleasant noise by rubbing against a hard surface; to make sth do this
•(+ adv./prep.) I could hear his pen scraping across the paper.
•Bushes scraped against the car windows.
•We could hear her scraping away at the violin.
•~ sth (+ adv./prep.) Don't scrape your chairs on the floor.

WIN WITH DIFFICULTY
4. transitive, intransitive ~ (sth) to manage to win or to get sth with difficulty
•The team scraped a narrow victory last year.
• (BrE)I just scraped a pass in the exam.
•They scraped a living by playing music on the streets.
•The government scraped home (= just won) by three votes.

MAKE HOLE IN GROUND
5. transitive ~ sth (out) to make a hole or hollow place in the ground
•He found a suitable place, scraped a hole and buried the bag in it.

PULL HAIR BACK
6. transitive ~ your hair back to pull your hair tightly back, away from your face
•Her hair was scraped back from her face in a ponytail.
more at bow and scrape at ↑bow ¹_v.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Old English scrapian ‘scratch with the fingernails’, of Germanic origin, reinforced in Middle English by Old Norse skrapa or Middle Dutch schrapen ‘to scratch’.

Example Bank:
•He scraped the car against the garage wall.
•Her hair was scraped back from her face.
•I scraped my elbow on the wall as I cycled past.
•I scraped the carrots with a knife.
•I scraped the dirt off.
•Patrick lifted the gate to prevent it from scraping along the ground.
•She carefully scraped away the top layer of paint.
•The Conservatives managed to scrape through to an election victory.
•The wood had been scraped clean.
•Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.
Idiom: ↑scrape the barrel
Derived: ↑scrape by ▪ ↑scrape in ▪ ↑scrape into something ▪ ↑scrape something out ▪ ↑scrape something up ▪ ↑scrape through ▪ ↑scrape through something

noun

ACTION/SOUND
1. singular the action or unpleasant sound of one thing rubbing roughly against another
•the scrape of iron on stone
•She felt the scrape of wall against bare skin.
•the scrape of chairs being moved

DAMAGE
2. countable an injury or a mark caused by rubbing against sth rough
•She emerged from the overturned car with only a few scrapes and bruises.

DIFFICULT SITUATION
3. countable (old-fashioned)a difficult situation that you have caused yourself
•He was always getting into scrapes as a boy.
•a scrape with the law (= trouble with the police)

Word Origin:
Old English scrapian ‘scratch with the fingernails’, of Germanic origin, reinforced in Middle English by Old Norse skrapa or Middle Dutch schrapen ‘to scratch’.